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Sunday, December 28, 2014

The amazing life of Althea Gibson

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Althea Gibson was an 11-time grand slam champion and the first prominent black competitor in women's tennis. cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList[cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList.length]={"currentPicture":true,"x":0,"y":0,"pos":1,"title":"The legacy of a tennis pioneer"}Gibson won the French Open in 1956 before winning both Wimbledon and U.S. Nationals crowns in 1957 and 1958.cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList[cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList.length]={"currentPicture":false,"x":0,"y":0,"pos":2,"title":"The legacy of a tennis pioneer"}Gibson (right) receives a kiss from compatriot Darlene Hard, who she beat to become the first black woman to win the Wimbledon title in 1957.cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList[cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList.length]={"currentPicture":false,"x":0,"y":0,"pos":3,"title":"The legacy of a tennis pioneer"}They also teamed up to win the women's doubles title that year at the prestigious grass-court tournament in London.cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList[cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList.length]={"currentPicture":false,"x":0,"y":0,"pos":4,"title":"The amazing life of Althea Gibson"}Gibson's successes helped her become the world's top-ranked women's player. In this picture, she plays at the Wightman Cup staged at the All England Tennis Club in 1958.cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList[cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList.length]={"currentPicture":false,"x":0,"y":0,"pos":5,"title":"The legacy of a tennis pioneer"}Gibson greets Sugar Ray Robinson on his arrival in London in 1957. The American boxing legend and his wife were early benefactors in Gibson's life, helping fund her tennis career as a teenager.cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList[cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList.length]={"currentPicture":false,"x":0,"y":0,"pos":6,"title":"The legacy of a tennis pioneer"}After retiring from tennis in late 1958, Gibson became a professional golfer, released a solo album of songs and tried her hand at acting, featuring in the film "Horse Soldiers" with John Wayne.cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList[cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList.length]={"currentPicture":false,"x":0,"y":0,"pos":7,"title":"The legacy of a tennis pioneer"}Gibson died age 76 in 2003. Here her longtime friend, former New York City Mayor David Dinkins, unveils an award in her memory at the 2004 U.S. Open.cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList[cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList.length]={"currentPicture":false,"x":0,"y":0,"pos":8,"title":"The legacy of a tennis pioneer"}American tennis legend Billie-Jean King, who lifted her first Wimbledon title eight years after Gibson retired, says her compatriot was a great inspiration -- a "she-ro" -- and she helped raise $50,000 to make her later life more comfortable. Gibson made no money in tennis and suffered ill health in her declining years.cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList[cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList.length]={"currentPicture":false,"x":0,"y":0,"pos":9,"title":"The legacy of a tennis pioneer"}Gibson was not only an inspiration for female tennis players, but also for men's stars such as Arthur Ashe -- the only black male player to win the U.S. Open, Wimbledon or Australian Open titles. The U.S. Open's main stadium is named after him.cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList[cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList.length]={"currentPicture":false,"x":0,"y":0,"pos":10,"title":"The legacy of a tennis pioneer"}In 1990, Zina Garrison became the first African American woman since Gibson to reach a grand slam singles final, losing to Martina Navratilova at Wimbledon. She also made two major finals in women's doubles, and won gold with Pam Shriver at the 1988 Olympics, while claiming three grand slam titles in mixed doubles.cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList[cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList.length]={"currentPicture":false,"x":0,"y":0,"pos":11,"title":"The legacy of a tennis pioneer"}The Williams sisters Venus (left) and Serena have been two of the dominant stars of women's tennis in the past 15 years. In 2002, Venus became the first black woman to be ranked No. 1 in the Open Era.cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList[cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList.length]={"currentPicture":false,"x":0,"y":0,"pos":12,"title":"The legacy of a tennis pioneer"}Sloane Stephens has been tipped the become "the next Serena" -- yet to win a grand slam, she has a long way to go to match the current world No. 1, but she beat her idol at the 2013 Australian Open to reach the semifinals. cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList[cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList.length]={"currentPicture":false,"x":0,"y":0,"pos":13,"title":"The legacy of a tennis pioneer"}Teenager Taylor Townsend, who is coached by Garrison, is seen as another rising U.S. women's star. She is pictured here with mixed doubles partner Donald Young -- a former junior boys world No. 1 -- at the 2014 U.S. Open.cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList[cnnArticleGallery.currentImageList.length]={"currentPicture":false,"x":0,"y":0,"pos":14,"title":"The legacy of a tennis pioneer"}HIDE CAPTIONThe legacy of a tennis pioneerThe legacy of a tennis pioneerThe legacy of a tennis pioneerThe amazing life of Althea GibsonThe legacy of a tennis pioneerThe legacy of a tennis pioneerThe legacy of a tennis pioneerThe legacy of a tennis pioneerThe legacy of a tennis pioneerThe legacy of a tennis pioneerThe legacy of a tennis pioneerThe legacy of a tennis pioneerThe legacy of a tennis pioneerThe legacy of a tennis pioneer<<<

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(CNN) -- Over the course of her remarkable life, Althea Gibson was many things to many people -- an accomplished jazz singer, a saxophone player, an actress and the first black woman to play on the professional golf circuit.

For Billie Jean King and tennis fans around the globe, however, Gibson will always be best remembered as a towering figure of their sport. And not just because of her imposing stature.

"I saw Althea Gibson play (tennis) for the first time when I was 13. Because she was already one of my 'she-roes' I was very excited" says King, who herself won 12 grand slam singles titles as well as founding the Women's Tennis Association.

"Her story is quite unexpected and quite wonderful at the same time," she told CNN's Open Court show.

Gibson won an impressive 11 grand slam crowns (five singles, five doubles and one mixed doubles) between 1956 and 1958.

$j(function(){ CNNVIDEO( 'playerarea', { video: '/sports/2014/08/21/spc-open-court-althea-gibson-legacy.cnn', thumb: 'http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/dam/assets/140821121625-spc-open-court-althea-gibson-legacy-00003404-story-top.jpg', preset: 'storypage' });});"She was so exciting to watch," King says. "She was almost six feet and she had long arms, long legs -- very intimidating to the other players, you could tell."

While King herself is rightly lauded as one of the all-time tennis greats, the achievements of her idol Gibson are often overlooked.

Perhaps this is to do with fading memories, the inaccessibility of the grainy black-and-white footage that recorded her in action, or the fact that tennis remained an amateur sport during Gibson's playing days.

For tennis historians, however, her legacy remains an important part of the sport's history.

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For Gibson to achieve what she did, however, she had to scrap, battle and overcome barriers that few of her contemporaries would have been faced with.

Forgotten legend

Born in South Carolina in 1927 before being raised in New York's tough Harlem district, Gibson spent much of her youth playing ping-pong or practicing on local tennis courts.

Aware of her special talent, the tight-knit Harlem community raised funds to help pay for coaching lessons.

According to friend David Dinkins, former mayor of New York City, her ability was obvious from a young age.

"(She) learned her tennis much like Billie Jean King, just hitting against walls and she was pretty damn good," Dinkins says. "She was tall and she had a good serve/volley ... she was tough."

She had to be. America in the late 1940s and early '50s was a very different place than it is today. The dark specter of racial segregation still hung over many parts of the country.

"It was American apartheid, like South Africa," Dinkins says. "But that's the way we were. Most tennis was played at country clubs and places that didn't admit people of color, so it was tough for her."


But the young Gibson was nothing if not resilient.

With the backing of family, friends and the American Tennis Association Junior Development Program -- an organization that identified and helped talented young African-American players -- she graduated high school before being admitted to Florida A&M University on a full athletic scholarship in 1949.

"She had a community that really loved her and made a huge difference in her life," King says.

"These people really were there for Althea, as a person. You don't have to have the whole world behind you but if you have a nucleus of friends who care, I think that's probably what got her though it."

Gibson would also find she had advocates within the game as she progressed from playing in local and regional tournaments.

An impassioned appeal from 18-time grand slam winner Alice Marble is widely credited with ensuring Gibson became the first black player to receive an invitation to appear at the United States National Championships (the forerunner to the U.S. Open) in 1953.

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Impressive performances ensured appearances at other championships and tournaments soon followed.

Gibson's first major triumph duly arrived at the 1956 French Open in Paris. Wimbledon and U.S. Nationals titles followed a year later as she became first African-American player to win at any of these tournaments.

"I don't know if she appreciated fully the magnitude of what she had accomplished, to be the first at anything is by definition an achievement," Dinkins says of the breakthrough victories.

On returning to New York after winning Wimbledon in 1957, Gibson became only the second black athlete after 1936 Berlin Olympics hero Jesse Owens to be granted a ticker tape parade through the city's streets.

"I think as an African-American winning Wimbledon in the mid-'50s and having the Queen of England present on Center Court with the whole world watching, it had to be so joyous," King says.

"I can tell you for people that cared about desegregation and wanting to get us all together, what an uplifting moment that had to be."

Gibson herself, however often tried to distance herself from issues of race, and disliked being seen as a pioneer for the African-American community.

The New York Times wrote in her obituary in 2003 that "when a reporter asked if she was proud to be compared to (baseball player) Jackie Robinson as an outstanding representative of her race, Gibson replied: 'No. I don't consider myself to be a representative of my people. I am thinking of me and nobody else.' "

Early retirement

Gibson would repeat the feat of winning Wimbledon and the U.S. Nationals titles in 1958 but would retire soon after at the age of just 31.

While the 2014 U.S. Open winner can expect to pick up $3 million as well as the coveted silver trophy, there was no prize money for the major champions in Gibson's era.

"She would always answer truthfully about how it was difficult and that everything with her after she finished," King says. "It was just difficult to make a living."

Gibson was a fine singer and recorded an album upon retirement in an effort to cash in on her fame. She also appeared in the movie "Horse Soldiers" with John Wayne.

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A number of roles in sports administration soon followed, as well as in local government bodies in New Jersey. By the late '80s and early '90s, however, a series of illnesses had struck. Medical bills mounted and her inability to work left her struggling to afford rent and medication.

Upon learning of Gibson's plight, King decided to step up to help her "she-ro."

"We all tried to get people to pitch in a few dollars because we heard she wasn't doing well, and we certainly did not want her to go hungry or not have shelter," she says.

"I think we raised at least $50,000 to give to her so she could live in the way she deserved to live, being such a great champion."

For Dinkins, however, that Gibson's situation ever got to requiring donations from fans to keep her going is a damning indictment of both the sport in Gibson's day and wider society.

"It's too bad that we as a society failed to recognize those among us who should be revered and whose accomplishments should be praised, and that has been the case with Althea," he says.

"There's so many people who have never heard of Althea. Tennis fans ... they think tennis started with Billie Jean King. In many ways it did, but it's sad that more people don't know about her (Gibson) and who she was."

King agrees wholeheartedly with this sentiment. Although Gibson died over a decade ago, aged 76, King remains keen to publicize the seminal role she played in the sport of tennis and how she inspired a generation of black athletes to pick up a racquet.

"Because of Althea, people like Arthur Ashe, Garrison and all these different people of color wouldn't have had the opportunity," the 70-year-old says.

"We need people to pay attention now and preserve her legacy to her, we all owe her big. I just hope we will continue to honor her."

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Read: Courting couple at match point

Read: Photographer captures the stars of tennis


ADVERTISEMENT.cnn_strycrcntrnwsp .cnn_mtpmore { padding:10px 0px 1px 0px; }.cnn_stryccnwsp2 .cnn_stryccnwsp3 { width:100% }Most PopularToday's five most popular storiesLife inside the densest place on earth: Remembering Kowloon Walled CityNorth Korea's Internet still spotty2015: The year ahead in aviationLeading Women's most inspiring women of 2014 10 of the best safaris for 2015More.OB_SB_1, .OB_SB_2 { padding:0px; }#outbrain_container_1_stripBox .strip-like, #outbrain_container_2_stripBox .strip-like { font-size:18px; }#ob_strip_container_rel_1_stripBox { }#ob_strip_container_rel_1_stripBox .item-container, #ob_strip_container_rel_2_stripBox .item-container { padding-top:8px;border-top:1px solid #E5E5E5; }.ob_box_cont ul li { display:block; height:60px; list-style-type:none; padding-top:8px; padding-bottom:7px; position:relative; width:100%; border-top:1px solid #E5E5E5}.ob_box_cont ul li .ob-rec-link-img {float:left;}.ob_box_cont ul li .ob-rec-link-img a {display: block; float: left; height: 50px; padding: 3px; position: relative; width: 90px;}.ob_box_cont ul li .ob-text-content {padding-left:105px;}.ob_box_cont ul li .ob-text-content a {font:bold 12px/15px arial !important;}.ob_box_cont ul li .ob-rec-link-img a .ob_video {position:absolute; top:5px; left:5px;}Part of complete coverage on TennisWhat does 2015 hold for Rafa?December 16, 2014 -- Updated 1208 GMT (2008 HKT)Rafael Nadal of Spain watches the ball in his match against Martin Klizan of Slovakia during during day seven of the China Open at the National Tennis Center on October 3, 2014 in Beijing, China. Rafael Nadal's body might be giving him a few problems, but his mind remains as strong as ever. Will the Spaniard add to his haul of 14 grand slam titles? Federer leads Swiss to Davis Cup firstNovember 24, 2014 -- Updated 1342 GMT (2142 HKT)A year that began in uncertainty for Roger Federer ended with a historic title for the 17-time grand slam champion and his country. Love game: Andy Murray to tie knotNovember 27, 2014 -- Updated 1716 GMT (0116 HKT)The Scot has served up a few changes to his support team in 2014 but there's one person who isn't going anywhere -- his new fiancée Kim Sears.'Crocodile' who broke all the rulesSeptember 11, 2014 -- Updated 1248 GMT (2048 HKT)French Tennis player Rene Lacoste, one of France's 'Four Musketeers' who won the Davis Cup in 1932, at Wimbledon. He is wearing his embroidered crocodile motif. Original Publication: People Disc - HH0434 (Photo by Topical Press Agency/Getty Images)His distinctive crocodile logo is seen on clothing all over the world, but Rene Lacoste also left a lasting legacy in the development of tennis.Cilic claims first grand slam titleSeptember 9, 2014 -- Updated 0636 GMT (1436 HKT)Marin Cilic follows in the footsteps of his coach Goran Ivanicevic by claiming a grand slam crown for Croatia, winning the U.S. Open. Serena savors U.S. Open winSeptember 14, 2014 -- Updated 1334 GMT (2134 HKT)Serena Williams of the US holds the US Open trophy after defeating Caroline Wozniacki of Denmark during their US Open 2014 women's singles finals match at the USTA Billie Jean King National Center September 7, 2014 in New York. AFP PHOTO/Stan HONDA (Photo credit should read STAN HONDA/AFP/Getty Images)Serena Williams is without peer in the modern women's game and now she is on a par with two American tennis legends from the past.The amazing life of Althea GibsonSeptember 2, 2014 -- Updated 1321 GMT (2121 HKT)American tennis player and golfer Althea Gibson (right) receives a kiss from compatriot Darlene Hard, whom she beat in two sets to become the first black woman to win the Women's Singles Finals at Wimbledon.Over the course of her remarkable life, Althea Gibson was many things to many people -- but it was tennis where she really left her mark.Watch out U.S., Canada is comingAugust 27, 2014 -- Updated 1145 GMT (1945 HKT)Canada and tennis? Really? Yup. The North American tennis power balance is swinging away from the States.Becker: 'I'm burning like a volcano'August 21, 2014 -- Updated 1252 GMT (2052 HKT)As a player he was as fiery as his hair -- and as Novak Djokovic's coach, Boris Becker says he has to battle to keep his emotions in check.Becker shocked by Djokovic backlashAugust 20, 2014 -- Updated 1102 GMT (1902 HKT)Tennis great Boris Becker says he was stunned by the level of criticism he received after being appointed as Novak Djokovic's coach.Courting couple at match pointJuly 25, 2014 -- Updated 1101 GMT (1901 HKT)"I didn't cry once when I practiced in front of the mirror," says Martin Emmrich. But the nerves kicked in when he got down on one knee on court. What's in a handshake? In tennis, a lot June 30, 2014 -- Updated 1135 GMT (1935 HKT)When Agnieszka Radwanska refused to look her opponent in the eye after losing at Wimbledon, it raised more than eyebrows. 'Baby' Sharapova's big moment June 23, 2014 -- Updated 0114 GMT (0914 HKT)It's 10 years since a teenage Maria Sharapova became the darling of Wimbledon's hallowed Center Court, launching herself as a star.Noah: Tennis icon, rock star, proud dadMay 23, 2014 -- Updated 0746 GMT (1546 HKT)He's regularly voted France's favorite famous person, but many of the nation's youth have "no idea" about his glorious sporting past'Swiss Miss' follows mom's leadApril 29, 2014 -- Updated 1555 GMT (2355 HKT)Five-time grand slam champion Martina Hingis has followed her mom into a coaching role, setting up a new tennis academy in Barcelona, Spain. ADVERTISEMENT

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